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Hakenkreuz — Leading Figures of Germany's Third Reich
HISTORY / Associated Figures

Eva Braun

The position of Hitler’s lover, for which Geli and Maria went so far as suicide. Eva Braun, said to have been pregnant just before she killed herself with Hitler. Having gained the status of his lawful wife, if only for a few hours, Eva might reject being called a tragic heroine.

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This article is an essay written by the author using sources such as audiovisual material. Please distinguish quotations, descriptions of source material and the author's views. It may contain descriptions of historical persecution and war, along with documentary images.

Eva Braun

Eva Braun: Hitler’s Last Lover

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April 28, 1945. American troops took Munich, Germany, where Hitler had a private residence. There, a soldier found a photograph of a woman he had never seen before.

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Berlin that same day. The Reich Chancellery was under attack by Soviet troops. In the bunker beneath it, Hitler was approaching his final moments.

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Hitler's former secretary TTraudl. Junge: “That day Eva Braun said something strange. She told me, ‘You will cry today.’ I thought the moment had finally come. I had heard that Hitler would give us warning before killing himself.”

Shortly before their deaths, Hitler and Eva Braun held a wedding ceremony.

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"Eva seemed to know she would marry that day. In the underground hall of the Reich Chancellery, a table was set upset up to serve as a wedding altar."

Even in these desperate circumstances, formal procedures were followed.

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R. Misch, former radio operator at Führer headquarters: "Suddenly an unfamiliar man came in and said: I'm the registrar. I was told the Führer is getting married. We had heard nothing about it."

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At Eva's request, her favorite music was played. The marriage certificate bears both their signatures. The couple had to certify they were pure Aryans. Eva mistakenly began her surname with the B of Braun. The wedding ring prepared for her was too large.

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Eva's cousin G. Weisker: “As far as marriage was concerned, Hitler had always been married to Germany. But once that Germany ceased to exist, he had no reason left to refuse marriage to Eva. That was it.”

Hitler's Germany had been defeated by the Allies. On May 5, 1945, American troops reached Berchtesgaden in the Bavarian Alps. This had been Hitler's effective base of operations. The former center of power was now in ruins.

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American troops began investigating Hitler’s mountain residence. Its underground shelters and passages extended for five kilometers. This was Eva Braun’s refuge room. The American soldiers entering it knew nothing of her existence. Eva rarely came into this room. Berchtesgaden never became a battlefield.

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Eventually, American soldiers discovered a film labeled ‘Familiar Subjects.’ It was Eva Braun’s color film. Eva Braun: a woman whose very existence was carefully concealed. She was Hitler’s last lover.

Early Life

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Eva Braun was born in 1912, the second child of schoolteacher Fritz Braun and his wife Franziska. The Brauns were an ordinary middle-class Munich family. Since they already had a daughter, her father apparently wanted a son. Eva grew up in a very ordinary home.

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Eva's childhood friend A. Hiendlmeier: “The three Braun girls were just like us. There was nothing unusual about them, nothing particularly striking. We played together often.”

Eva entered a convent school in Simbach.

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Eva’s cousin G. Weisker: ‘Eva could make people do as she wanted. Graduating without effort was easy for her. She was simply a charming girl.’

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Young Eva wanted to be noticed and liked. She dreamed of fame.

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Eva's cousin G. Weisker: "Eva said she did not need to be a star, but wanted to be the center of attention."

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Eva was an ordinary girl who dreamed that her prince would appear one day.

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Eva's childhood friend A. Hiendlmeier: “There is a saying children often use: if you stay away from bad men, your prince is sure to appear.”

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At the time, the Weimar Republic was under threat from right-wing forces. In 1921, Hitler became leader of the National Socialist German Workers' Party. Seeking power, he launched a coup in 1923. This so-called Munich Putschuprising ended in failure. But the sentence at his trial was extremely lenient.

Meeting Hitler

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In 1929, seventeen-year-old Eva graduated from a convent school. She was mischievous and not particularly devout. She went on to work for Heinrich Hoffmann, Hitler's personal photographer.

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There Eva met a man calling himself Wolf. He was Adolf Hitler. Eva had no interest in politics. All that mattered was whether this man would shower her with praise. Hitler, for his part, preferred an obedient girl who was clearly weaker than himself.

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Hitler's former attendant H. Döring: “The photographer Hoffmann was trying every way he could to bring Hitler and Eva together. It was as though he had placed Eva Braun on a silver platter and was waiting for Hitler to take the bait.”

Hoffmann used Eva to ingratiate himself with Hitler. Eva, however, was proud to have become acquainted with him.

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Hitler talked at length in his favorite restaurant. Eva understood very little of it. Even so, she was drawndrawn to him. It was Hitler who determined the terms of their relationship.

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Eva’s cousin G. Weisker: ‘Hitler had power, and he exercised it. Perhaps Eva wanted that, too.’

Attempted Suicide

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But the power Hitler wanted was political, not romantic. Eva's long days of waiting began. Weeks passed without word, and she complained, 'His time belongs to other people.' Eva became possessedpossessed by the obsession that she must have Hitler to herself, until those feelings finally had nowhere to go.

In November 1932, Eva attempted suicide with a pistol at home. When Hitler asked whether she had really intended to kill herself, the doctor replied that she had aimed at her heart.

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Former Hitler attendant H. Döring: ‘Hitler neglected her so badly that she became sick of everything.’

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Eva succeeded in attracting Hitler’s attention, but only briefly. In January 1933, Hitler finally took power. This was no happy development for Eva. She was left behind by the rapidly changing world. In February came the Reichstag fire, and Germany began its journey into terror and dictatorship.

‘This state, this empire, will endure for thousands of years. Let us rejoice. The future is in our hands.’

How much time would Hitler spare for her? Eva thought of little else.

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W. Mittelstrasser, Eva's former driver: "Eva did not care about politics. She wanted Hitler to love her. She loved him."

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Only her sisters knew of their relationship. Her younger sister Gretl wrote in her diary: “Today Adolf gave another wonderful speech. My sister is this great man's lover.”

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Eva was not the only one spellbound by Hitler. Millions were swept into the frenzy. Eva suffered.

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Psychologist M. Mitscherlich: "Eva was Hitler's captivecaptive. There must have been various reasons. He was the great Führer, an almost divine leader, and held absolute power. Eva came to feel she could not live without him."

In 1935, Eva wrote in her diary.

“God, will he answer me today? I am unbearably anxious.”

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She contemplated suicide again.

'I have decided to take the pills. If I take thirty-five, surely this time I will die.'

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But once again, she was found before it was too late. Hitler feared a scandal. Eva was not the only woman who attempted suicide because of him.

Maria Reiter's Attempted Suicide

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In 1926, Hitler wrote to a seventeen-year-old girl named Maria Reiter: “My sweet one. I want to gaze into your lovely eyes and forget everything else. Your Wolf.”

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But when Maria sought love, Hitler rebuffedrebuffed her. He wanted only to be loved, not to love. Heartbroken, Maria attempted suicide but was stopped by her parents.

Geli Raubal's Attempted Suicide

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Soon another woman appeared in Hitler's life: his niece Geli Raubal. Hitler himself sought Geli out.

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Hitler's former attendant H. Döring: “Hitler loved Geli. Yet he treated her very harshly. Geli was a cheerful, lovely girl. Hitler restricted her out of jealousy.”

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Even when Hitler was away campaigning, Geli was not free.Yet Hitler would not genuinely commit himself to her. In despair, Geli took her own life in Hitler's apartment. He was devastated by the incident.

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H. Döring, Hitler's former attendant: “Hitler was distraught and could not eat. He shut himself in Geli's room. Apparently there was a pistol on the table. Hitler told my wife, I am going to die; you need not prepare any more meals. My wife replied, Your life is still ahead of you.”

Forced Self-Sacrifice

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To win Hitler's love required complete self-sacrifice. After Eva tried to kill herself twice, Hitler took her into his mountain residence. He feared losing control over her.

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Hitler's former attendant H. Döring: “His niece Geli took her own life, and Eva attempted suicide twice before finally getting Hitler's attention. Even then, Hitler would not make his relationship with Eva a definite commitment.”

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Eva's parents (right) found the unmarried relationship unacceptable. In September 1935, her father sent Hitler a letter questioning his morals.

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Braun family lawyer O. Gritschneder: “Her father, Fritz Braun, strongly opposed such an improper relationship and demanded that his daughter be left alone. But it had no effect.”

Eva had intercepted her father's letter. Instead of a marriage certificate, she was given a life of luxury.

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She was then permitted to serve close to Hitler under the title of secretary.

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Former Hitler attendant H. Döring: ‘Eva was very elegant. She was slender and cared about fashion. With plenty of time and money, she changed clothes two or three times a day. …Eva was attractive.’

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Hitler's former adjutant R.Reinhard Spitzy: "Eva Braun was simply a woman who offered Hitler bourgeois comfort over tea and cakes, and nothing more."

Eva tried to find reassurance by convincing herself that she was Hitler's lover.

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Hitler's former secretary T. Junge: "Eva often said: The Führer likes me always to wear the same clothes and hairstyle. Once he likes an outfit, he has several identical ones made. Eva was not allowed to change her hairstyle or hair color. She disliked that, because she loved fashion."

Photographer

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In public, Eva was merely a photographer, not a lover. Without a camera, she could not even approach Hitler. He liked inviting beautiful women to his mountain residence. Eva struggled desperately to suppress her jealousy.

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H. Döring, Hitler's former attendant: “Once Eva returned to her room saying she had a headache and felt ill. But that was an excuse; she was fiercely jealous. She was angry that Hitler paid her no attention.”

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Those around Eva did not take her seriously.

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Hitler's former attendant K. Krause: “Eva Braun was a perfectly ordinary girl. I had no respect for her at all. She seemed an uninteresting woman with nothing to recommend her.”

Miss Eva

Gradually, however, Eva established her position.

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A. Breim, Eva's former chambermaid: "We called Eva 'the young lady.' Our employer was Eva Braun, not Hitler."

Though very limited, there were places where Eva could behave freely.

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R. Misch, former radio operator at Führer Headquarters: "As Hitler's possession, Eva Braun was a very reserved woman. But when he was absent, she was a different person. Sometimes she danced with us at staff parties."

Eva had two faces. Her cheerful, exuberant side may have been her true self.

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H. Döring, Hitler's former attendant: “I once took Eva to an exclusive nightclub in Salzburg. That was where we became close. She liked dancing the tango. Her dancing was passionate, yet delicate.”

Eva was naturally cheerful and good at sports. Outside the mountain retreat, she enjoyed her freedom to the full.

Once inside the mountain retreat, one had to observe proper manners.

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Hitler's former secretary T. Junge: “Hitler spoke to Eva in a gentle voice, but showed no signs of affection in front of other people.”

Eva was hurt by being unable to make her relationship with Hitler public.

Eva and Hitler's Sexual Relationship

Were Hitler and Eva really lovers? Many people have been fascinated by that question.

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A. Breim, Eva's former chambermaid: "There was Eva's sitting room, bedroom, and bathroom, with a storeroom next door. That connected to Hitler's room. That proves their relationship."

In Eva's room hung a portrait of Hitler. Beside it was a door leading to Hitler's room.

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Eva’s former driver W. Mittelstrasser: ‘Hitler and Eva had a sexual relationship. They lived in adjoining rooms, after all. It would be stranger to think nothing happened.’

A bronze statue of Eva Braun. On Hitler's orders, its face was made different from Eva's.

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Their relationship was kept secret.

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Hitler's former attendant K. Krause: “I do not know whether they spent the night together. The rooms were locked and no one could enter. No one knows the truth.”

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Discussion of what went on between the two was forbidden. Such was the secrecy that some people believe Hitler was physically impotent.

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H. Döring, Hitler's former attendant: “My wife once examined Hitler's sheets. She found nothing, though.”

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Eva's former attendant M. Mittelstrasser: “They certainly lived as husband and wife. When a visit from Hitler coincided with her expected period, Eva took medicine to delay it. My job was to collect the medicine from a doctor named Brandt. Surely that is firm evidence that their relationship was like that of a married couple.”

But there is no longer any way to know the truth.

The Annexation of Austria Makes Shopping Easier

In 1938 Hitler annexed his native Austria. All Eva thought was that shopping would now be easier.

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H. Döring, Hitler's former attendant: “Eva had no particular feelings about the annexation of Austria. She was simply pleased that it was easier to go to Salzburg, where she could find the clothes and shoes she liked.”

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In Italy too, Eva spent her time apart from politics. While Hitler talked politics with Mussolini, Eva and her companions toured the city. It was not on the official schedule.

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Eva passed the time on the Bay of Naples while Hitler inspected the fleet.

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O. Gritschneder, the Braun family's lawyer: "Eva had absolutely no involvement in the issues affecting Hitler or in those on which Hitler himself exerted influence."

“Berlin is no place for you,” Hitler told Eva, keeping her away from the capital.

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Britain and France Declare War on Germany

In September 1939, German forces invaded Poland. War began. The public was intoxicated by Hitler’s words. Eva’s lover had now become the supreme commander in war.

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H. Döring, Hitler's former attendant: “As war approached, Hitler grew distant from those who had previously been close to him—especially Eva, her sisters, and her friends. Since they were of little use in war, they might as well not have existed. Hitler's mind was filled with nothing but war.”

Geli's Shadow

France surrendered in 1940. When Hitler visited the front, the photograph he had with him was not Eva's.

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Hitler's former attendant H. Döring: “Hitler took a very good photograph of Geli Raubal from an envelope my wife had been keeping and said, ‘Please lend me this photograph of Geli. I want to take it to headquarters. I will certainly return it.’ And Eva Braun was standing right beside him! That shows how little she counted.”

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Eva could not erase Geli's shadow. Hitler was celebrating victory in France.

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Eva was at Lake Königssee at the time. It was an idyllic world untouched by war. Hitler wanted his lover to remain indifferent to world events. Amid the reality of war and mass murder, perhaps he could find peace only in the company of such a woman.

The Distant Front

In 1941, Hitler invaded the Soviet Union. The front was far away. The Braun family accepted Hitler and Eva's ambiguous relationship and enjoyed modest privileges through the Nazi badges on their lapels.

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Hitler's former attendant H. Döring: “Eva always wanted lots of oranges, not to eat but to squeeze into juice. She also liked turtle soup and often wanted it in the middle of the night. It was an impossible request, and when I refused, she became bad-tempered.”

Eva's Aesthetic Taste—A Hidden Private Life

Eva took care to preserve her beauty. She wanted to look beautiful in photographs too. Photographs of her were therefore handled carefully.

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Photographer's son R. B. Schicht: “My father photographed Eva. They were private photographs, but he made them publicopenly available. As a result, he was suddenly sent to the front toward the end of 1941.”

He was sent to the Russian front as punishment. Anyone who intruded uninvited into Hitler's private life was punished severely and without mercy.

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Photographer's son R. B. Schicht: “After the war, my father learned from his former superior that he had actually been intended for a place from which he would never return.”

Behind the Miserable Front Lines

To Eva, the war seemed entirely unreal.

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Eva's former valet A. Bleyme: “Orders came to donate fur coats to the military. The women at the mountain retreat had magnificent furs. Eva said, ‘I won't wear this coat again, but I cannot send such an expensive coat to the front.’”

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While thousands of soldiers froze to death on the Eastern Front, a Christmas party was held at the mountain retreat in Berchtesgaden. Eva received gifts of gold and silver. Hitler was generous at the retreat. The monogram combining Eva Braun's initials, E and B, was a mark of status.

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Former headquarters telephone operator A. Schulz: “The conversations I overheard between Hitler and Eva were strange. Eva was a charming woman. She sounded very happy as she talked and thanked Hitler. You could tell she really loved him. Hitler's tone, on the other hand, was stiff. When Eva thanked him for a gift—which had actually been arranged by his aide Bormann—Hitler said: ‘If you liked it, good, good.’”

A Small Act of Resistance

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Hitler's aide Bormann also carried out purges within the mountain residence. He tried to dismiss Eva's maid because her parents were too strongly Catholic.

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Eva's former valet A. Bleyme: “I was ordered to leave the mountain retreat immediately. Eva said, ‘That is unacceptable. You are my valet. I will telephone the Führer at once and have him cancel it.’ But Hitler told her to obey Bormann.”

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Eva did not defy Hitler’s aides. She was simply no match for them.

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Former Hitler attendant H. Döring: ‘The chambermaid’s brothers were bomber pilots. They were risking their lives fighting for their country. And yet Bormann—told us to throw her out. I could not do it.’ (Note)

Eva gave up on this matter. She had no choice but to compromise. At times, however, she acted beyond her allotted place.

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L. Hartenstein, a former soldier at the mountain retreat: "There were guards at the entrance, but they knew Eva well and did not ask for identification. They simply let her in. Eva reported this to Hitler: 'Security at the retreat is inadequate. The guards let me through without checking me. Can you call that a guarantee of safety?' She probably just wanted to display her power."

Eva Braun's power was very limited.

A World of Appearances

Gradually, Eva came to understand reality.

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Former Hitler attendant H. Döring: ‘Eva was a very curious woman. I often told her about conditions at the front and the latest news. Learning the situation depressed her terribly. Then she would ask, “Will things improve? Do you think Germany will win?” I did not give her a definite answer. I could not. I only said that things ought to work out.’

The Battle of Stalingrad began. Signs of Germany's defeat were starting to appear.

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Former Third Reich film archivist H. Barkhausen: “We obtained the first Soviet film about Stalingrad through Sweden. But Hitler did not want to see it. It showed nothing but the German army's disastrous condition.”

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Such footage was never shown at Berchtesgaden. Nothing could be allowed to sully that idyllic world and upset Hitler. His historic crimes were not mentioned either.

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H. Döring, Hitler's former attendant: “You may find it hard to believe, but the people working at the mountain residence heard nothing... absolutely nothing, about the terrible events.”

Such footage, too, was never seen at the mountain residence.

But a visitor to the mountain retreat raised the subject with Hitler.

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T. Junge, Hitler's former secretary: "A woman named Henriette von Schirach suddenly addressed Hitler: 'At the station in Vienna, I saw a train carrying Jews. They were being treated terribly. Does the Führer know about this?' Apparently Hitler stood up, told her to stop being sentimental and not to interfere in matters she knew nothing about, and left. Everything planned for that evening was canceled. From then on, Mrs. von Schirach was never invited to the mountain retreat again."

Anyone who tried to shatter this world of appearances was immediately expelled.

Moving Toward Marriage: Eva's Resolve

June 3, 1944, three days before the Normandy landings: Eva’s younger sister Gretl married SS General Fegelein. Eva prepared for the ceremony as eagerly as if it were her own wedding. She was showing Hitler what he was missing, implicitly urging him to marry her.

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Eva’s cousin G. Weisker: ‘For Eva, it was humiliating. Her younger sister was getting properly married, while Eva’s existence was still unacknowledged, her position as girlfriend or mistress as unclear as ever.’

It was July 8, 1944. Eva was swimming with friends in Lake Königssee as usual when news suddenly arrived.

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W. Mittelstrasser, Eva's former driver: "A man came to tell us something terrible had happened. When I asked what, he said there had been an attempt to assassinate the Führer."

Opponents of Hitler blew up the conference room. Hitler, who was inside, narrowly survived. Eva thought her chance had come.

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Eva’s former driver W. Mittelstrasser: ‘Eva called her attendant and said, “Pack my things. I am going to Berlin.” I said, “Miss, you must not. The Führer told you to stay at the mountain residence, didn’t he?” I tried to stopstop her.’

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Hitler was not waiting for Eva. He said the assassination’s failure was divine providence. Even so, Eva headed to Berlin, hoping that he needed her.

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Berlin was a heap of rubblerubble. Yet Eva had no intention of returning to Munich or the mountain retreat. When Munich was bombed, Eva tried to give her jewelry to her cousin.

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Eva's cousin G. Weisker: "Eva brought out necklaces and bracelets and said: I'll give these to you. I no longer need them. She, who had always dressed so elegantly, was saying she needed them no more. I think she had already decided to die."

Eva Braun faced a decision: live without Hitler, or choose to die with him.

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Former Hitler attendant H. Döring: ‘Eva arrived in war-torn Berlin by special train. Hitler was surprised to see her and immediately tried to send her back. But she remained in Berlin.’

A Fairy-Tale World in the Bunker: The Sister's Husband She Could Not Save

Soviet forces were approaching the bunker beneath the Reich Chancellery. Young soldiers had been ordered to guard Hitler to the very end. One of them met Eva.

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A. Lehmann, former messenger at the Führer's headquarters: “When I met Eva Braun in the bunker, I was filthy and unkempt. I was thirsty and barely able to stand. I finally managed to reach the bunker, caught my breath, and looked around. It was like a fairy-tale land. I saw a woman dressed cleanly and elegantly. It was as different as night and day from the world I had been in.”

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The situation grew steadily worse, and Hitler was cornered. Göring (photograph on the right) and Himmler abandoned him. Even so, Eva did not leave Hitler’s side.

Her younger sister's husband, Fegelein (left), also tried to flee. He was sentenced to death.

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Former Reich Chancellery telephone operator J. Mohr: “Fegelein had a cigarette in his mouth. His epauletteskenshō had been removed, his coat hung open, and he had been disarmed when they brought him in.”

Eva could not stopstop the execution.

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Former Führer headquarters radio operator R. Misch: ‘Eva begged Hitler to spare Fegelein. She seemed utterly desperate. But her plea was not granted.’

Eva's Cherished Wish Fulfilled

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But when Hitler's close associates left him, Eva's long-held wish finally came true. Hitler and Eva married.

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Psychologist M. Mitscherlich: “For Eva, marrying Hitler was the greatest joy, even if the ring was too large. But I cannot understand holding a wedding amid rubble where so many people were dying. And apparently it was a thoroughly petty-bourgeois ceremony, observing all the conventions.”

Marriage was Eva's dream. She wanted to share Hitler's fate.

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Hitler's former secretary T. Junge: “Someone we had always called ‘Miss’ or ‘Fräulein Braun’ suddenly had to be addressed as ‘Mrs. Hitler.’ I do not remember clearly, but I think some people found it bewildering.”

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Hitler wrote in his testament: 'My wife and I have chosen death to escape the disgrace of submission or surrender—.' Poison had been prepared.

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April 30, 3:30 p.m. Eva took poison. Hitler took poison and also shot himself in the temple. Half an hour later, his remaining aides entered the room.

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Former Hitler Youth leader A. Axmann: “I saw Eva Braun. She appeared to be sitting on the sofa beside Hitler. Her eyes were closed. To look at her, she was no different from when she was alive. She had taken poison, but she seemed merely asleep.”

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Hitler's and Eva's bodies were burned in the rear garden of the Reich Chancellery.

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Hitler's former secretary T. Junge: “Eva Braun spent most of her life in Hitler's shadow and had little chance to change her situation. But she had an ambition: to leave her name in history as a hero's mistress, as the Führer's wife. I think that was her purpose in life and what gave her strength.”

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Some historians describe Eva Braun's existence as a historical disappointment. Although she was at Hitler's side, she influenced none of his policies and never wished to do so.Yet Eva was always part of Hitler's private life. Perhaps Hitler needed the comfort she provided to move forward without hesitation as a dictator.

〈End〉

Eva Braun's Private Photographs

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