:root{--ink:#243b36;--muted:#64756b;--accent:#176955;--paper:#f6f5ef;--line:#d8dfd5;--panel:#fff;--serif:Georgia,"Yu Mincho",serif}*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:90px}body{margin:0;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font:16px/1.95 "Yu Gothic",Meiryo,sans-serif}a{color:var(--accent);text-underline-offset:5px}button,input,select{font:inherit}button,a{touch-action:manipulation}button{cursor:pointer}button:focus-visible,a:focus-visible,input:focus-visible,summary:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #db9441;outline-offset:4px}.skip{position:absolute;top:-100px}.skip:focus{top:10px;background:white;z-index:10;padding:12px}.topbar{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--paper);padding:19px max(5vw,20px);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px}.brand{text-decoration:none;color:var(--ink);font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.08em}.topnav{display:flex;gap:24px;font-size:13px}.topnav a{text-decoration:none}.shell{max-width:1240px;margin:auto;padding:0 40px}.eyebrow{font-size:11px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.2em;color:var(--accent);text-transform:uppercase}.hero{padding:64px 0 48px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}h1{font-family:var(--serif);font-weight:500;font-size:clamp(32px,4.5vw,58px);line-height:1.4;letter-spacing:.02em;margin:18px 0 24px}.lead{font-size:17px;color:var(--muted);max-width:650px}.hero-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.3fr 1fr;align-items:center;gap:60px}.map-cover{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:25px;position:relative;text-align:center}.map-cover img{display:block;max-height:330px;max-width:100%;margin:auto;object-fit:contain}.map-cover figcaption{text-align:left;font-size:11px;color:var(--muted);border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:12px;margin-top:15px}.pill{display:inline-block;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:30px;padding:5px 14px;font-size:12px;margin:0 6px 8px 0}.button{display:inline-block;padding:12px 24px;background:var(--accent);color:#fff;border:0;text-decoration:none;font-weight:600;border-radius:3px}.outline{background:transparent;color:var(--accent);border:1px solid var(--accent)}.actions{display:flex;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:30px}.stats{display:flex;gap:32px;margin-top:32px;font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}.stats strong{display:block;font-size:24px;line-height:1.4;color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--serif)}.layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:210px minmax(0,1fr);gap:56px;margin:48px 0}.sidebar{align-self:start;position:sticky;top:24px;font-size:13px}.sidebar nav{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.sidebar a{padding:8px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);text-decoration:none;color:var(--ink)}.sidebar .label{font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.18em;color:var(--muted)}.reading{min-width:0}.reading p{margin:1.3em 0}.reading h2{font:500 32px/1.5 var(--serif);margin:60px 0 22px}.reading h3{font:500 28px/1.5 var(--serif);margin:64px 0 24px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:30px}.reading h4{font-size:19px;margin-top:35px}.reading h5,.reading h6{font-size:16px;margin:28px 0 12px}.reading img{max-width:100%;height:auto}.reading figure{margin:20px 0}.reading table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;background:var(--panel);font-size:14px;line-height:1.9}.reading td,.reading th{border:1px solid var(--line);padding:14px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top}.reading th{background:#edf1eb;min-width:80px}.table-scroll{max-width:100%;overflow:auto;margin:25px 0}.reading blockquote{margin:28px 0;padding:20px 24px;border-left:3px solid var(--accent);background:#efeee7;font-size:15px}.reading hr{border:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin:26px 0}.reading .float-left{float:left;margin:8px 22px 15px 0;max-width:45%}.reading .float-right{float:right;margin:8px 0 15px 22px;max-width:45%}.clearfix{clear:both}.capital{border:0;background:transparent;padding:0 2px;border-bottom:1px dotted var(--accent);color:var(--accent)}.capital-output{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}.notice{padding:20px 24px;background:#e8eee5;border-left:3px solid var(--accent);font-size:13px;margin:28px 0}.ad{margin:45px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:12px 0;text-align:center;min-height:110px;overflow:hidden}.ad-label{font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.2em;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:8px}.ad-placeholder{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}.ad[hidden]{display:none}.ad ins[data-ad-status="unfilled"]{display:none!important}.region-list{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin:25px 0}.region-list a{padding:8px 15px;border:1px solid var(--line);text-decoration:none;font-size:13px;background:white}.map-panel{background:white;padding:24px;border:1px solid var(--line);margin:32px 0}.map-panel summary{cursor:pointer;font-weight:700}.map-panel img{display:block;max-height:700px;max-width:100%;margin:24px auto}.quiz{margin:50px 0;background:#e8eee5;padding:30px}.quiz h2{margin:0 0 12px}.quiz fieldset{border:0;padding:0;margin:15px 0}.quiz legend{font-size:20px;padding:0;margin-bottom:14px}.choices{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px}.choices button{border:1px solid var(--accent);background:white;color:var(--ink);padding:10px 18px;min-width:100px}.choices button[aria-pressed=true]{background:var(--accent);color:white}.result{min-height:36px;font-weight:bold}.footer{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:36px 0;font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:24px;flex-wrap:wrap}.footer a{margin-right:18px}.history{--ink:#2b3034;--muted:#74736d;--accent:#8a4b31;--paper:#f4f1e9;--line:#d7d0c4}.history .hero{padding-top:65px}.history .hero h1{font-size:clamp(44px,7vw,90px);letter-spacing:-.04em}.history .subheading{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:23px}.history .hero-quote{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:19px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:30px 0;margin:30px 0 0}.history .notice{background:#ebe5da}.history .reading th{background:#eee8de}.section-head{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:end;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);margin:50px 0 0;padding:0 0 18px}.section-head h2{font:500 30px var(--serif);margin:0}.section-head span{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}.article-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:0 28px}.article-card{display:block;color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none;padding:26px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.article-card:hover h3{color:var(--accent)}.article-card small{color:var(--accent);font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.15em}.article-card h3{font:500 23px/1.6 var(--serif);margin:12px 0}.article-card p{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);margin:8px 0}.search{width:100%;padding:14px 16px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;margin:25px 0}.article-title{max-width:950px}.article-title h1{font-size:clamp(30px,4vw,52px)!important}.article-title .lead{font-size:15px}.image-source{font-size:11px;color:var(--muted)}.lightbox{border:1px solid var(--line);max-width:95vw;max-height:95vh;background:var(--paper)}.lightbox::backdrop{background:#000b}.lightbox img{max-width:85vw;max-height:80vh;object-fit:contain}.lightbox button{display:block;margin-left:auto}.no-results{padding:20px}.reading .border{border:1px solid var(--line);padding:5px}.related{display:flex;gap:16px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:40px 0}.top-link{display:block;text-align:right;margin:28px 0} [hidden]{display:none!important}
@media(max-width:800px){.shell{padding:0 22px}.hero{padding:40px 0 30px}.hero-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:20px}.hero-grid figure{margin:0}.map-cover img{max-height:260px}.layout{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:24px;margin-top:28px}.sidebar{position:static}.sidebar nav{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:4px 15px}.sidebar a{font-size:12px}.article-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.reading h3{margin-top:45px}.topnav{gap:14px}.topbar{align-items:flex-start}.topnav .optional{display:none}.history .hero{padding-top:40px}.quiz{padding:22px}.stats{gap:24px}.reading td,.reading th{padding:10px;min-width:75px}.reading .float-left,.reading .float-right{float:none;max-width:100%;margin:20px 0}}
@media(max-width:480px){.article-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.brand{font-size:13px}.topnav{font-size:12px}.hero h1{font-size:35px}.stats{gap:20px}.hero .lead{font-size:15px}.reading{font-size:15px}.table-scroll table{min-width:540px}.footer{display:block}.footer div{margin:12px 0}}
@media print{.topbar,.sidebar,.ad,.consent,.quiz,.footer,.top-link{display:none!important}.layout{display:block}.hero{padding:10px}.shell{padding:0}body{background:white}.reading h3{break-after:avoid}.map-cover{display:none}}
.capital-tooltip{position:fixed;z-index:110;padding:12px 22px;background:#243b36;color:#fff;border:1px solid #fff8;border-radius:6px;box-shadow:0 6px 24px #0003;font-size:18px;line-height:1.6;max-width:calc(100vw - 16px);pointer-events:auto}
.language-bar{max-width:1160px;margin:0 auto;padding:16px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap}
.language-switch{display:flex;gap:8px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap}
.language-switch a{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:3px;padding:5px 14px;text-decoration:none;font-size:13px;background:var(--panel)}
.language-switch a:hover{border-color:var(--accent)}
.translation-note{font-size:11px;color:var(--muted);margin:0;line-height:1.7}
@media print{.language-bar,.capital-tooltip{display:none!important}}
.capital-tooltip{max-width:min(360px,calc(100vw - 16px));max-height:60vh;overflow:auto;font-size:16px}
.capital-tooltip{max-width:min(360px,calc(100vw - 16px));max-height:60vh;overflow:auto;font-size:16px}
.archive-header{margin:26px 0 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:10px 0}
.archive-photos{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(7,minmax(0,1fr));gap:3px;background:#272824;align-items:center}
.archive-photos img{width:100%;height:112px;object-fit:contain;display:block}
.archive-header figcaption{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.08em;color:var(--muted);padding-top:8px}
.history .hero{padding-top:32px;padding-bottom:32px}.history .hero h1{font-size:clamp(32px,4vw,54px);letter-spacing:.06em;margin-top:10px}.history .hero-quote{margin-top:0}.history .hero-grid{gap:36px}.history .subheading{font-size:21px}
.floating-map{position:fixed;right:20px;bottom:66px;width:300px;z-index:40;pointer-events:none;background:transparent}
.floating-map.large{width:min(520px,85vw)}
.map-tools{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:8px;margin-bottom:8px;pointer-events:auto}
.map-tools button,.map-toggle{border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);border-radius:24px;font-size:12px;padding:7px 14px;box-shadow:0 2px 10px #0001}
.map-tools #map-grip{cursor:move;touch-action:none}
.floating-map img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;max-height:65vh;object-fit:contain;filter:url(#map-ink);pointer-events:none}
.map-toggle{position:fixed;right:20px;bottom:18px;z-index:41}
.map-filter{position:absolute;width:0;height:0;overflow:hidden}
@media(min-width:1200px){.geography .shell{max-width:1600px;padding-right:350px}.geography .layout{grid-template-columns:160px minmax(0,1fr);gap:30px}}
@media(max-width:800px){.archive-photos{grid-template-columns:repeat(7,150px);overflow-x:auto;scroll-snap-type:x proximity}.archive-photos img{height:100px;scroll-snap-align:start}.archive-header{margin-top:18px}.floating-map{width:170px;right:12px;bottom:64px}.floating-map.large{width:min(350px,90vw)}.map-tools{gap:4px}.map-tools button{font-size:11px;padding:6px 9px}.map-toggle{right:12px}.history .hero-grid{gap:18px}}
@media print{.floating-map,.map-toggle{display:none!important}.archive-photos{grid-template-columns:repeat(7,minmax(0,1fr))}}
/* Original portrait, restored as an accessible floating top button. */
.portrait-to-top{position:fixed;left:max(14px,env(safe-area-inset-left));bottom:max(16px,env(safe-area-inset-bottom));z-index:40;width:76px;padding:7px 7px 5px;border:1px solid #c9bba4;border-radius:10px;background:#f4f1e9ed;color:#553c2e;box-shadow:0 4px 18px #30211426;cursor:pointer;transition:transform .18s ease,box-shadow .18s ease}
.portrait-to-top img{display:block;width:58px;height:auto;margin:auto}
.portrait-to-top .top-arrow{position:absolute;right:-5px;top:-8px;width:25px;height:25px;border-radius:50%;background:#754a34;color:white;font:700 19px/25px sans-serif;text-align:center}
.portrait-to-top .top-caption{display:block;margin-top:5px;font-size:10px;line-height:1.5;white-space:nowrap}
.portrait-to-top:hover{transform:translateY(-4px);box-shadow:0 7px 22px #30211436}
.portrait-to-top:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #8a4b31;outline-offset:4px}
.consent-ui-open .portrait-to-top{visibility:hidden;pointer-events:none}
@media(max-width:600px){.portrait-to-top{width:62px;left:max(10px,env(safe-area-inset-left));padding:5px 4px}.portrait-to-top img{width:43px}.portrait-to-top .top-caption{font-size:9px}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto!important}.portrait-to-top{transition:none}}
@media print{.portrait-to-top{display:none!important}}
.language-switch{flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center}
.language-switch a[aria-current="page"]{background:#754a34;color:#fff;border-color:#754a34}
.language-unavailable{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);padding:5px 8px}
html[lang="de"] .reading{hyphens:auto;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
html[lang="de"] .hero h1{overflow-wrap:anywhere}
/* Slightly larger reading text in both language editions. */
body.history{font-size:18px}
.history .reading{font-size:18px}
.history .reading table{font-size:16px}
.history .reading blockquote{font-size:17px}
.history .article-card p{font-size:14px}
.history .article-title .lead{font-size:17px}
.history .notice{font-size:15px}
.history .sidebar{font-size:15px}
.history .hero h1{font-size:clamp(36px,4.5vw,60px)}
@media(max-width:480px){body.history,.history .reading{font-size:17px}.history .sidebar a{font-size:14px}.history .hero .lead{font-size:17px}}
.history .sidebar a{padding-left:10px;padding-right:8px;border-left:3px solid transparent;transition:background-color .16s ease,color .16s ease}
.history .sidebar a.current-section{background:#754a34;color:#fff;border-left-color:#c79a68;font-weight:700;border-radius:3px}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.history .sidebar a{transition:none}}
/* Isolate each photo/text group so old floats cannot displace later paragraphs. */
#maindeck-article{container-type:inline-size}
.reading .photo-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:170px minmax(0,1fr) 170px;gap:18px 22px;align-items:start;margin:1.3em 0;clear:both}
.reading .photo-layout.has-left:not(.has-right){grid-template-columns:170px minmax(0,1fr)}
.reading .photo-layout.has-right:not(.has-left){grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 170px}
.reading .photo-layout>.article-photo{margin:0;min-width:0;font-size:14px;line-height:1.7;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
.photo-layout>.photo-left{grid-column:1}
.photo-layout>.photo-right{grid-column:3}
.photo-layout>.photo-copy{grid-column:2;grid-row:1/span var(--photo-rows);min-width:0;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
.photo-layout.has-right:not(.has-left)>.photo-copy{grid-column:1}
.photo-layout.has-right:not(.has-left)>.photo-right{grid-column:2}
.reading .photo-copy>p{margin:0}
.reading .article-photo img{display:block;float:none;max-width:100%;height:auto;margin:0 auto}
.reading .article-photo a{display:block}
.reading .photo-gallery-layout{grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(min(150px,100%),1fr))}
.photo-gallery-layout>.article-photo{grid-column:auto}
.photo-gallery-layout>.photo-copy{grid-column:1/-1;grid-row:auto}
.reading td img{vertical-align:top}
@container(max-width:680px){
 .reading .photo-layout,.reading .photo-layout.has-left:not(.has-right),.reading .photo-layout.has-right:not(.has-left){grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:16px}
 .photo-layout>.article-photo,.photo-layout.has-right:not(.has-left)>.photo-right{grid-column:auto}
 .photo-layout>.photo-copy,.photo-layout.has-right:not(.has-left)>.photo-copy{grid-column:1/-1;grid-row:auto}
}
@media print{.reading .photo-layout{break-inside:avoid}}